Learning About MSSA and MRSA in the NICU

Pregnancy

What are MSSA and MRSA?

MSSA and MRSA are types of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. They can live on the skin or in the nose without causing problems for most people. But sometimes they can cause an infection. In serious cases, they can spread to the lungs, blood, or other parts of the body.

MSSA stands for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

MRSA infections can be harder to treat because some common antibiotics do not work against them. Other antibiotics can still treat MRSA and kill the bacteria. MSSA infections are usually easier to treat. That's because more antibiotics work against them.

These bacteria can spread from person to person.

Why are babies tested for MSSA and MRSA in the NICU?

Infections are a serious concern in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Babies in the NICU have a higher risk of infections and other problems. This may be because they were born early, have a low birth weight, recently had surgery, use medical devices such as ventilators or central lines, or have other health conditions.

To prevent the spread of MSSA and MRSA, and treat it early, some hospitals routinely check babies in the NICU for these bacteria. How often testing is done depends on the hospital's policies.

How are babies tested?

A nurse wipes the inside of a baby’s nose with a cotton swab. The mucus on the swab is tested for the bacteria.

How are MSSA and MRSA treated?

If MSSA or MRSA is found in your baby's nose, this means that your baby is carrying the bacteria. It does not mean that your baby has an infection. Most babies who carry these bacteria do not get sick. Your baby may be given an antibiotic ointment inside the nose to help reduce the bacteria. If your baby is old enough, a nurse may also bathe your baby with cloths that contain an antiseptic, antibacterial solution.

But if your baby does develop a serious infection, they will need intravenous (I.V.) antibiotics.

How can parents help prevent the spread of MSSA and MRSA?

Here are some of the best ways to prevent MSSA and MRSA:

Wash your hands well before and after caring for your baby. Use soap and water. If necessary, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Experts suggest that you wash your hands for 20 seconds. That's about as long as it takes to say the alphabet.
Follow all instructions from NICU staff. Wear gloves and a gown if you are asked to.